Communism And Its Effect On Society - 955 Words

Man has sought out the perfect form to administer government action and beliefs.. They came up with the idea of Capitalism. Others found that those who were divine should rule. Others sought after a government that offered programs and reforms to the populous and called in socialism. Some thought about having the church run the government, but the theory that many people strive to accomplish is communism. Communism has been tried again and again. The only difference was the people leading the revolutions. The theory to run a government known as communism has been around since the 1840s. This form of government seems great on paper, but fall through after time has past and the government is able to establish itself. Just like a coin, communism has two sides to it. The one side is the idea that everyone is truly equal and their is no class difference at all. While the other side is that almost everyone is equal. Karl Marx who thought of the theory believed that this form of government was the best form of government and explained it in his book the Communist Manifesto. While the british author George Orwell s sought against this form of government because he saw what happened when communism becomes the part of the government.. In his novel â€Å"1984† even though it s a fictional world he demonstrates what communism turns into. He shows that it always turn into an oppressive dictatorship or oligarchy. Karl Marx was born May 5, 1818 in Germany and passed away at the age of sixtyShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Its Effects On Society1307 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, people have pushed for it, fought to get rid of it, and started wars over communism. In its theory, Communism is a moneyless, stateless, and classless dream of society to develop a utopia. Under communism, there is no private property as there is today. Instead communists believe in a form of personal property that is determined by use of an object (as opposed to ideal ownership). An example to use is a house. If you eat, sleep, and just generally live in a house, that houseRead MoreCommunism And Its Effect On Society1554 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to his opinionated behaviour. I understood that he wants to be a hero but sometimes I wonder if he’ll ever learn when to draw the line on when it’s enough. â€Å"Sooner or later, you’re going to learn when to grow up and be a respectful member of society. I’m not sorry it had to end this way Durdin, you brought this upon yourself.† One of the soldiers who dragged Caleb onto stage begun aggressively shouting at him and soon made his way towards the edge of the stage. â€Å"Good afternoon loyal citizensRead MoreCommunism Of The Vietnam War And The Cold War1181 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is an ideology that has a very long history more than one-third of the globe. This ideology is followed by Russia, Cuba, Laos, China, North Korea, and Vietnam. This ideology is the source of many revolutions and conflicts throughout the history likes the English Civil War, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Vietnam War, the Korea War and the Cold War. However, what makes Communism different from other ideologies is its origin, its policy, and its effects on the poor and the working class. CommunismRead MoreAustralias Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesresult of a combined fear of communism and the fall of freedom from danger in Australian democracy and society. The growing web of communism saw the fall of many countries closing in on Australia and New Zealand, and it was believed Robert Menzies’ government that they would find communism at Australia’s shores. Australians were anti-communist during the Vietnam War; due to a level of hype that the society, the media, and the government were exposed to. The â€Å"domino effect† was a popular analogy duringRead MoreThe Collapse of Communism in the USSR, Central, and Eastern Europe1102 Words   |  4 PagesThe collapse of communism in the USSR and Central and Eastern Europe Before we move on to our essay on to analyse The Collapse of Communism in USSR and Central and Eastern Europe and the reasons behind its collapse, we should discuss and understand the definition of Communism. â€Å" Communism is a social system in which all the resources, economic activities are owned by state or country. † It is a system in which wealth is dispersed equally among the people and there is no private ownership ofRead MoreEssay on The Failure of Communism1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe failure of communism Communist had a long history during the 20th century, and communism was very influential. Almost all of Asia and East Europe became Communist. From the start of the theory then many civil wars in Russia affected the whole world. Communist defined the idea of itself in many different ways, it helps many nations came together formed a party fought wars, but it also made many countries became really poor, and the economy in most of the countries got pushed back about 10 yearsRead MoreWealth and Poverty: A Study on Communism and the Communist Manifesto1647 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism. The word sparks dread in the hearts of many Americans raised during the Cold War. What seems to be the basis for a potential utopian society in theory, so far has never, in practice, realized the desires of its institutors. Perhaps the reason communism has never been successful in effect lies in its most basic foundations. After all, a house, as most Texans can attest to, no matter how finely built, cannot stand careful scrutiny for cracks if its foundation is built on shifting soilRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1360 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion whether the type of government, communism, is feasible in a community without leading to a type of dictatorship or totalitarianism. Orwell presents the idea that communism is a good idea in theory, but it always leads to corruption by the people who take power. The author presents the novel as an entertaining fable featuring an animal revolution; however, beneath this storyline Orwell utilizes literary devices, characters, and events to prove how communism is not idealistic in a real scenarioRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was The War Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pageswere bullying South Vietnam, trying to make them a communist. Most of society will not stand up for the weaker person in a bully situation. The United States is not most of society; they believe you mess with someone your own size. Many people have different views on the Vi etnam War: was the war necessary, was the war worth all the sacrifices of American troops lives, what was the United States moral obligation to oppose communism, and what ethics did the Presidents of the United States abide by whenRead MoreThe Time Period Of The Cold War1387 Words   |  6 PagesCold War, made it hard for Americans to continue their optimism historian Stephen Ambrose commented. This paradigm shift is evident in the texts from the era, and by studying them we come to understand the values and atmosphere of the time and the effect those values had on the texts. The Cold War began after the end of World War II, after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States of America; that continued until the early 90s with the dissolving of the Soviet Union. The two

Conflict Management - 5778 Words

Understanding Conflict and Conflict Management http://www.foundationcoalition.org/teams Definition A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.1 Although student teams may not satisfy all the requirements of the definition, the degree to which they do often determines their effectiveness. Rationale Students do not come to school with all the social skills they need to collaborate effectively with others. Therefore, teachers need to teach the appropriate communication, leadership, trust, decision making, and conflict management skills to students and provide the motivation to use these skills†¦show more content†¦How do people respond to conflict? Fight or flight? Physiologically we respond to conflict in one of two ways—we want to â€Å"get away from the conflict† or we are ready to â€Å"take on anyone who comes our way.† Think for a moment about when you are in conflict. Do you want to leave or do you want to fight when a conflict presents itself? Neither physiological response is good or bad—it’s personal response. What is important to learn, regardless of our initial physiological response to conflict, is that we should intentionally choose our response to conflict. Whether we feel like we want to fight or flee when a conflict arises, we can deliberately choose a conflict mode. By consciously choosing a conflict mode instead of to conflict, we are more likely to productively contribute to solving the problem at hand. Below are five conflict response modes that can be used in conflict. What modes do people use to address conflict? All people can benefit, both personally and professionally, from learning conflict management skills. Typically we respond to conflict by using one of five modes: 5 †¢ Competing †¢ Compromising †¢ Avoiding †¢ Collaborating †¢ Accommodating COMPROMISING The compromising mode is moderate assertiveness and moderate cooperation. Some people define compromise as â€Å"giving up more than you want,† while others see compromise asShow MoreRelatedConflict Management1178 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a fact of life - for individuals, organizations, and societies. The costs of conflict are well-documented - high turnover, grievances and lawsuits, absenteeism, divorce, dysfunctional families, prejudice, fear. What many people dont realize is that well-managed conflict can actually be a force for positive change. Conflict is â€Å"an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achievingRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"People are afraid of conflict because they do not have essential skills to manage it well.† This is true because according to O’Grady and Malloch (2016), conflict is reflection of an insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of conflict and a lack of capability in its management. In the case of Nancy, perhaps she needs to undergo specialty training or classes about conflict management in order to improve their unit’s dynamic or interaction. 2. â€Å"If you engage with conflict too early, there is a chanceRead MoreThe Conflict And Conflict Management Strategies908 Words   |  4 PagesRobbins and Judge define conflict as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something that is cared about. There is a variety of conflicts that individuals will encounter within their lives. Knowing and understating the conflict cycle and understanding conflict management strategies will help individuals solve conflict in a reasonable manner (Robbins Judge, 2014). Discussing Contentious Issues/ Bringing Conflict into the Open When managersRead MoreConflict Of Conflict Management Styles1690 Words   |  7 Pages Many people do their best to avoid conflict at all costs, but it is an occurrence that everyone must deal with from time to time. Understandable, the avoidance of conflict is glamorous, however learning how to handle the conflicts can make them seem less bothersome. Learning how to manage conflict is a key factor in becoming a manager and the execution of that learning can be very different from manager to manager. Shanker (2013) describes conflict management styles as an equation involving theRead MoreConflict Management1469 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Management Conflict Management Yamil Little Strayer University BUS520 Dr. Anthony Hughes 02/27/11 Conflict Management Introduction In today’s ever-changing business environment organizations encounter varying levels of intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. Intrapersonal conflict is a battle within oneself, which usually involves a life goal and/or change. Interpersonal conflict is when two or more people have opposing perspectivesRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1772 Words   |  8 Pagesopinion there will also be a chance for some form of conflict to arise. To resolve and manage conflict, any organization or persons’ must try to understand the causes, theories, approaches and strategies of conflict management. Resolving conflict requires a great deal of attention and thorough understanding in seeking resolution. In this review, conflict management will be explored in general from different perspectives in light of how conflict effects teams or groups, workplace relationships andRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Managemen t1313 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and conflict management both play pivotal roles in all relationships, whether they are between friends, family, lovers, or coworkers. However, while most relationships have an abundance of conflict, the amount of properly implemented conflict management in all relationships is relatively low. This is especially surprising when you consider the sheer amount of research and counseling directed at managing conflict in constructive ways. Though the aforementioned services and research are ofRead MoreConflict Between Conflict Management And Resolution883 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative association with conflict. Reflects poorly on the supervisor when there is conflict but in reality it’s only negative when the supervisor or employee, depending on the situation does not address the conflict. Unresolved conflicts can negatively impact not only the employees involved but also the company. Unresolved conflicts result in negative impacts not only t o the individual but also the company. Focus on the problem, not the person. Sometimes the conflict will be reoccurring or unresolvableRead MoreConflict Management Styles1081 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Styles Myron Harris 09/30/2012 CJA/444 Allen Cole Conflict Management Styles Conflict usually occurs when individuals within a group or organization has differences in opinions. When individuals are in a disagreement about something like policies and procedures or even the overall direction of which an organization or company is heading it can become very frustrating. As we all know conflict the process of conflict usually begins when an individual or party has perceivedRead MoreEssay on Conflict Management1382 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to conflict The term conflict referred to perceived incompatible differenced resulting in some form of interference or opposition. Conflict is a natural part of organizational life because the goals between mangers and workers are often incompatible. If people perceive that differences exist then conflict state exists. Conflict is not exists between individual only, it also can exist between departments and divisions that compete for resources or even because of overlapped authority

Global Business and Strategic Concept

Question: Discuss about the Global Business and Strategic Concept. Answer: Introduction This particular study discusses about the recent development in Nigeria. Further, it elaborates the fact how the change in price of oil affects the economy of Nigeria. Through analyzing the fact, here the study brings out some ways that might help the country to exploit their global potential. In order to deliver certain number of suggestions, the study concentrates on some key areas that the county should prioritize over the next 5 years. Before analyzing the growth and development of Nigeria, it is essential to discuss about the economy that the country consists. As mentioned by Sklar (2015), mixed economy is present in Nigeria that is defined as emerging market with middle income. In order to be more specific, both the private and public sector play crucial role in this growing economy. In terms of Nominal GDP, the country has acquired the 21st position in the world economy (Ft.com. 2016). Moreover, it has gained the 20th position in terms of PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) (Ft.com. 2016). Nigeria contributes the major portion of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of Africa due to the rapid growth in telecommunication, banking, and film industry. The manufacturing sector of this country is third largest in the continent (Ft.com. 2016). Nigeria exports large proportion of goods and services to West African sub region. PESTEL Analysis of Nigeria As per the statement of Mejabi et al. (2015), the PESTEL analysis of Nigeria helps to make a clear understanding about the prime factors which affect the economy of the country. In the following table, these factors are demonstrated: Factors Analysis Political factor Since the year 1999, Nigeria has been achieving political stability which was the major strength of their recent development. Due to this, they had the opportunity of growing international recognition. This had a great role in their growth and development. Economic Factor Their major economic strength relies on their oil production. Large number of consumers contributes a major portion in the gross domestic product of that country. However, inadequate data creates hitches in the business planning process. Social factor The country has high illiteracy rate which majorly affects the economy of the country. However, the opportunity of privatization and deregulation enhanced their economy. Technological factor The country has an opportunity to enhance their Information and Computer Technology (ICT). This helps to obtain competitive advantage over other countries. Environmental factor The country was agriculturally inclined before the oil boom. In present, 25% of GDP depends on the oil industry. Legal factor The government of the country formed mixed legal system which strengthens the economy. Table 1: PESTEL Analysis of Nigeria (Source: Mejabi et al. 2015) Recent development in Nigeria As per the financial record of 2015, Nigeria is the 24th largest economy in the world (Ft.com. 2016). The country has been growing their economy since the year 2012 (Refer to Appendix 1). McGrath (2016) explained that Nigeria has overtaken South Africa as the largest economy of the continent due to its increasing GDP growth. In the below table, the economic data of Nigeria of last 5 years is demonstrated: Years Population (million) GDP per capita (USD) GDP (USD bn) Economic growth (GDP, annual variation in %) 2011 160 2,606 418 4.9 2012 165 2,708 446 4.3 2013 169 2,944 498 5.4 2014 174 3,182 553 6.3 2015 179 2,677 479 2.7 Table 2: Economic Data of Nigeria of last 5 years (Source: Satistica.com. 2016) Graph 1: GDP growth in Nigeria (Source: Satistica.com. 2016) Graph 2: Economic growth in Nigeria (Source: Satistica.com. 2016) From above table and graphs, it is found that economy of the country has been growing continuously, till the year 2014. However, in the year 2015, it has been dropped down. The prime reason behind this is the fall in oil price. It is elaborated in the later section of this study. In the year 2012, the growth was declined and then grew in a continuous manner till the year 2014. The prime reason behind this is the government of that country decided to pursue a protracted process to rebase the economic growth, in the year 2013 (Okereke and Kurotamunobaraomi 2015). This rebasing exercise pushed the GDP to upward and 89% growth has been experienced in that year (Tradingeconomics.com. 2016). As per the new estimation of 2013, it has been found that the service sector contributed the large portion in GDP comparing with agriculture and industry sector (Refer to Appendix 2). In that particular year, following the service sector, the agriculture sector contributed 21.97% and mining sector cont ributed 14.50% in the economic growth (Tradingeconomics.com. 2016). Kadiri, Ojo and Jagboro (2015) opined that infrastructure development has a major role behind the economic growth. The country has the most promising pipelines of infrastructure PPP projects along with large number of population. Due to having large population, the country developed its infrastructure in order to allow developing continuously. Yeeles and Akporiaye (2016) argued in this context that, unreliability of their power infrastructure had affected the economy and thus the growth was slowed down to some extent. However, the country has successfully made their power infrastructure stable and enhanced the exposure of local and international investors along with ECAs (Export Credit Agencies) and DFIs (Development Finance Institutions). Usman, Ikemefuna and Fatimah (2015) stated that the country has outlined some long term objectives in order to make continuous growth. In that year, at the initial stage of growth they aimed to minimize the transport bottlenecks and improve the tra nsport links in new emerging industrial zones. Following the statement of Okike et al. (2015), government support is the major reason that the economy has experienced high growth. Government policies and undertakings provided additional benefit to the infrastructure projects. In this context, it is important to mention that without the government support it would be difficult to finance the projects. Furthermore, the infrastructure development helped to implement the Greenfield project of Nigeria. Olaniyi (2015) added that the robust their contract structures which positively affected the economy of Nigeria. The robustness of the contract structures such as EPC and OM contracts enhanced the bankability of the projects. Effect of current oil price on Nigerian economy As discussed by Yusuf (2015), oil is the biggest foreign exchange earner of Nigeria. In late 1960s, it had replaced the place of peanut, cocoa, and palm products. Through developing the oil sector, the country became a member of OPEC (OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries) and acquired 17th position in terms of largest petroleum producer in the year 1971. The rise in oil price caused flood of wealth in the Nigerian economy. However, in the present context, Nigeria belongs in the list of top ten of oil exporters (Forbes.com. 2016). Chambers (2015) added in this context that due to the current sharp drop in the oil price affect the economic growth of the oil exporting countries. It has been found the economic growth of Nigeria heavily relies on the oil business. Over 96% of Nigerias export revenue depends on the export of oil (Forbes.com. 2016). According to Yusuf (2015), the decreasing oil price is addressed as the prime reason of the economic weakness of the country. Long standing accountability and transparency issues are present in all the levels of oil industry. Over the last few years, the NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) is owed to the federal government. The recent decreasing of oil price forced the federal government to adjust the budget for reducing the capital spending plans by 10% (Yusuf 2015). The Nigerian government failed to adjust the budget and thus it adversely affects the Nigerian banking sector. It has been found that the banking sector granted 20% loans to the local oil and gas companies (Ft.com. 2016). The downturn oil price made the economy confront more challenging times in maintain their growth level. Future plan and strategies Through analyzing the present economic situation of Nigeria, the study here evaluates key areas that should be prioritized by the economy. The recommendations are made for the next 5 years. Based on the opinions of the economists of Nigeria, the study suggests that the country should provide more importance to three key areas that include foreign direct investment, globalization, and economic development. As opined by Felix et al. (2015), Nigeria is considered as one of the preferable destinations for FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) by many of the countries. During the time of growth, FDI in this country was increased $21.3 bn in 2013 from $16.6 bn of 2012 (Tradingeconomics.com. 2016). Nigerias National Bureau of Statistics (NNBS) has estimated that the increasing FDI made 28.3% growth. This is the reason that the study suggests that the country should prioritize this factor in order to make growth. In this context, it is important to mention that some major governments legislations are there that regulate the FDI of the country. These legislations include Foreign Exchange Monitoring Miscellaneous Provisions Act and Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission Act (Tradingeconomics.com. 2016). Abosede and Sholeye (2015) added that the largest beneficiary regarding FDI was noticed particularly in the oil and gas sector. However, the present decline in oil price affects its FDI and further its affect the economy of the country. Besides the oil sector, it has been found that near 50% FDI projects are service oriented. Thus, there is a scope to make growth in other services sectors such as financial services, consumer products, and tourism and business services. Growth in these sectors would attract the foreign companies more to invest their capital in this country. This would enhance the growth of Nigerian economy. Felix et al. (2015) added that if a country develops their financial market and enhances their educational level, the positive impact of FDI also increases. As human capital plays the most crucial role in developing the economy of a country, the education level need to be increased. Thus, it is suggested that if Nigeria concentrates on these two factors, the economic growth will be enhanced. Abosede and Sholeye (2015) stated further that the policymakers of this economy should exercise cautions while trying to attract foreign direct investment. In order to keep the growth level stable, the government of the country should keep trying to enhance the benefits of FDI. As per the discussion of Nwezeaku and Akujuobi (2015), globalization pushed the Nigerian economy with three major forces that includes economic liberalization, technological revolution, and democratic system of governance. Due to these forces, the economy has acquired increasing growth of the economy, but some challenges are still there that the economy should focus on. It has been mentioned that oil has replaced the place of pea nut, cocoa and palm products. The agricultural commodities were the main foreign exchange earner before 1970s. During this particular period, the rise in oil price switched the focus to oil sector. In today's challenging time, government should focus on the six major agricultural commodities that could play major role as foreign exchange earner. These commodities include cocoa, rubber, palm oil, groundnut, cotton and palm kernel. Besides, recently several automobile makers set up production lines in this country. The government could take several initiatives to make growth in automobile industries. Furthermore, there is a scope to enhance their growth through revitalizing their financial sector within next five years. Nwezeaku and Akujuobi (2015) stated further that the income inequality of the country needs to be diminished to the highest possible level. It has been discussed that globalization and income inequality is strongly related to each other. As the technology has been increasing, some of the people could enhance their skills and others fail to do so. As a result, inequality in terms of income has been increasing. In order to increase the positive level of the economic growth further, the country should focus on the wage rate of the human capital. The above discussed scope and opportunities lead the country to experience economic development within next 5 years. Through taking certain initiatives for making growth in the service sectors, the economy could attract more foreign companies. As FDI will increase, the country will experience economic boom. Besides, it would able to deal with the challenges that they face due to downturn of the oil price. The economists of Nigeria have predicted that the economy would able to increase their GDP growth rate by prioritizing these key areas. It has been predicted that percentage of GDP growth will be higher in next 5 years (Refer to Appendix 3). However, it has been found that the growth level would not be same as it was in 2014. In order to enhance the economic growth, the country needs to focus on other factors. The government intervention is strongly needed to make growth further (Nwezeaku and Akujuobi 2015). Their primary focus should be on increasing economic health. Besides, envir onmental impact is one of the crucial factors of economic growth. The government should increase the awareness and apply strong restriction on the production that harms the environment (Felix et al. 2015). Thus, government intervention is highly suggested to make growth of Nigeria in the next years. Conclusion The study concludes that Nigeria consist mixed economy where both the public and private sectors contributes growth in the economy. At the same time, these sectors also negatively affect the economy. Here, it is concluded that the GDP of this country has been growing continuously till the year 2014 and dropped down in the year 2015. The growth was occurred due to the development in telecommunication, banking, and film industry. It has been found that the previous growth has been experienced because of the rebasing exercises and government initiatives. Recently the economy has experienced high growth from their service sectors. Further, the study concludes that infrastructure development along with government support played a major role in the economic growth. However, the prime reason of going downward is the sharp rise in oil price. As oil is the biggest foreign exchange earner of the country, the high price is has been affecting the economy. Thus, the economists are suggesting that the economy should prioritize three key areas of foreign direct investment, globalization, and economic development. This would help to drive the growth curve upward in the next 5 years. Reference List Abosede, O.A. and Sholeye, O.F., 2015. Strengthening the Foundation for Sustainable Primary Health Care Services in Nigeria.Primary Health Care: Open Access,2014. Chambers, K., 2015. Dropping Oil Prices: The Effects of Oil Price Changes. Dillimono, H.D. and Dickinson, J.E., 2015. Travel, tourism, climate change, and behavioral change: travelers perspectives from a developing country, Nigeria.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(3), pp.437-454. Felix, D., Ajibade Bright, F., Ogbumuo Dennis, T. and Osuji George A, N., 2015. A Comparative Analysis of the Contributions of the Agricultural Sector and the Industrial Sector towards the Development/Growth of the Nigerian Economy.Global Journal of Science Frontier Research,15(4). Forbes.com., 2016. Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com [Accessed 10 Jun. 2016]. Ft.com., 2016. World business, finance, and political news from the Financial Times - FT.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com [Accessed 10 Jun. 2016]. Kadiri, D.S., Ojo, S.O. and Jagboro, G.O., 2015. Implications of Adopting Public Private Partnership for Infrastructure Development in Nigeria.Journal of Sustainable Development,8(9), p.169. McGrath, K., 2016. Identity verification and societal challenges: Explaining the gap between service provision and development outcomes.Mis Quarterly,40(2), pp.485-500. Mejabi, O.V., Azeez, A.L., Adedoyin, A. and Oloyede, M.O., 2015. Challenges to Open Data Institutionalisation: Insights from stakeholder groups in Nigeria. Nwezeaku, N.C. and Akujuobi, A.B.C., 2015. Public Expenditures and Economic Development of Nigeria: A Cointegration and Causality Evaluation.International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER),3(10), pp.499-506. Okereke, E.J. and Kurotamunobaraomi, T., 2015. Corruption in deposit money banks and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Finance,1(2). Okike, E., Adegbite, E., Nakpodia, F. and Adegbite, S., 2015. A review of internal and external influences on corporate governance and financial accountability in Nigeria.International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics,10(2), pp.165-185. Olaniyi, T.K., 2015. Sustainable development of entrepreneurial skills: imperative for aviation training and development in the emerging Nigerian economy. Sustainable Development,6(1). Satistica.com., 2016. Satistica - Home. [online] Satistica.com. Available at: https://www.satistica.com [Accessed 10 Jun. 2016]. Sklar, R.L., 2015.Nigerian political parties: Power in an emergent African nation. Princeton University Press. Tradingeconomics.com., 2016. Australia GDP Growth Rate | 1959-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-growth [Accessed 10 Jun. 2016]. Usman, A., Ikemefuna, M. and Fatimah, A., 2015. Evidence of Petroleum Resources on Nigerian Economic Development (2000-2009).Business and Economics Journal,6(2), p.1. Yeeles, A. and Akporiaye, A., 2016. Risk and resilience in the Nigerian oil sector: The economic effects of pipeline sabotage and theft.Energy Policy,88, pp.187-196. Yusuf, M., 2015. An analysis of the impact of oil price shocks on the growth of the Nigerian economy: 1970-2011.African Journal of Business Management,9(3), p.103.

Information Systems Management Therapeutic Innovative Work

Question: Describe about the Information Systems Management for Therapeutic Innovative Work. Answer: Introduction: Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is situated in Seoul, South Korea. SMC was founded on November 9, 1994, for the sole purpose of enhancing the wellbeing of the nation through the best restorative means, the propelled therapeutic innovative work of exceptionally efficient staff. SMC is a scholastic, philanthropic tertiary care health center with roughly 6,500 staff members including approximately 2,000 medical caretakers and more than 1,200 specialists serving 1,951 sickbeds. Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is composed of SSH (Samsung Seoul Hospital), SCH (Samsung Changwon hospital), SLSRC (Samsung Life Sciences Research Center) and KSH (Kangbook Samsung Hospital). Equipped with the latest medical service frameworks such as the exceptional medicinal staff, SIMS (Samsung Medical Information System), PACS (picture archiving communication framework), CPAS (clinical pathology automation system) and LAS (logistics automation system). SMC (Samsung Medical Center) is leading the new hospital framew ork in Korea by being the best doctor's facility in cutting edge restorative administrations and delivering the patient-focused medicinal services in the bona fide sense. SMC (Samsung Medical Center) attends approximately 8,500 outpatients on daily basis. SMC has an average of 1,800 inpatients in a day and performs around 160 complex surgical operations daily (according to stats from the year 2011). Samsung Medical Center (SMC) has covered the land area of over 200,000 sq. meters with a 25 floors building. It consists of 120 special purpose clinics, 40 housing departments and 10 specialist centers. Strategic Evaluation - Situation Analysis Strategic management is developing plans for both unfeasible and predictable contingencies. It is pertinent to every small and large organizations. Even the Small organizations face competition in the market and by formulating and implementing suitable strategies, they can achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Pest Analysis Samsung medical center (SMC) is waving his flag high in medical world. The strong management of SMC knows how to formulate effective strategies that can balance the political, social, economic and technological imbalance. Political Strategy Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is a role model for other companies in tackling the political issues. It has created its own ways of handling political agendas. During the dark hours, Samsung Medical Center (SMC) using its diplomatic strategies and goodwill managed to haggle with the governing bodies of several countries. This resulted in favoring Samsung Medical Center (SMC) by modifying their rules and regulation. Economic Environment The economic outbalance exists in health center in Korea yet government reports still show that the expenditure on healthcare per capital continues to increase. The growth of medical centers in Korea clearly demonstrates how medical and nursing services have moved from public sector to the private sector and have become a more of business. In the current situation, Samsung Medical center (SMC) is delivering the best medical services using most advanced technology and methodologies. They have launched numerous welfare programs that tend to serve the poor and create a healthy environment. Socio-Cultural With the increasing population of South Korea, the health issues are increasing exponentially. With the advancement of medical technologies, new diseases are being discovered simultaneously. In the current situation, Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is delivering the best it could. The patients are becoming more informed and demanding. Technology By means of technology, Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is among the worlds leading medical centers. It is well equipped with modern smart devices. The use of SIMS (Samsung Medical Information System), PACS (picture archiving communication framework), CPAS (clinical pathology automation system) and LAS (logistics automation system) have made SMC one of the most advanced medical center enriched with technology. Currently, SMC is working on numerous projects related to health care using modern day technology. Swot Analysis Samsung Medical Center is trying its best to provide adequate medical services to all the patients using modern techniques not only in Korea but across the world. Samsung is not only providing services in Samsung Medical Center but also in innumerate hospitals across the globe. The major reason behind the popularity of Samsung Medical Center is its willingness to deliver best to the customers and embrace its weaknesses. Strengths The backbone of Samsung Medical Center (SMC) is Samsung Group of Companies. The technologies used by SMC have revolutionized the medical world. This is not the end. There are numerous projects under construction to deal with modern diseases. Samsung has an everlasting relationship with USA and Europe that makes its position firmer on the ground. Samsung is quite loaded by means of technology, assets, artifact, infrastructure and manpower. Weaknesses With all the technology, manpower, and huge structure, Samsung Medical Center is also facing few shortcomings in lieu of treatment. There had been few misdiagnosed cases in the hospital that defamed the medical center. There had been other shortcomings of specialists as compared to the number of patients under treatment. Opportunities Samsung Medical Center is one of the luckiest medical facility being under the banner of Samsung group of companies. It has a wide range of network spread globally. On a business point of view, Samsung Medical Center is one of the most profitable investments of Samsung group. With the support of Samsung group of companies, SMC aims at leading the medical world nor farther than the year 2020. Threats As any major organization, Samsung Medical Center is also facing multiple threats from the past decade. There are other medical centers those are dominating over SMC. It is also one of the most expensive hospitals in the region that make it only reachable by upper middle class and elites. So, a number of patients avoid being treated there. The growing population is another major threat to SMC as its unable to provide adequate treatment to all the patients. Globalization Due to the Samsung Group of Companies, SMC has emerged as a global hospital working with numerous countries. Samsung Medical Center (SMC) possesses the largest cancer center in Asia consisting of 655 beds. It has provided the medical aid to the victims of Taiwan Earthquake, 2006, Kobe Earthquake, 1995 and Tsunami in South East Asia in 2004. SMC is emerging as a global medical center which promotes active communication with numerous globally recognized medical institutes such as Mayo Center (US), MD Anderson Growth Center (US) and Beijing College Clinic. Due to its restless and devoted management and staff, SMC has been able to attract a large number of foreign patients which is helping it in gaining sustainability and global recognition. The major achievement by SMC is the inauguration of the first Korean medical center in Dubai, UAE. SMC is the first Korean medical facility that has landed in Middle East through Dubai. Recently, due to the tireless efforts of the management and staf f, the Hospital received an award from Ministry of health and welfare as SMC (Samsung Medical Center) is attracting the most foreign patients in the region. E-Marketing Strategy DEFINITION E-trade is the selling and buying of merchandise and services, or the transmitting and transferring assets or information over an electronic system, essentially the web. These business exchanges happen either as business-to-business, business-to-buyer, buyer-to-buyer or customer-to-business. E-marketing strategies used by smc: SMC (Samsung Medical Center) has built up four key goals in data innovation and technology. They include Film-less by PACS used commonly in healthcare industry Chart less by virtue of EMR (Electronic Medical Record) Paper-less HIS (Hospital information system) The last one "weightless" is, exceptionally remarkable and seldom found anywhere. (James Matthew 2012) How to achieve the mission The above mentioned points can be easily achieved by the Samsung Medical Center by following some simple steps. Each and every individual needs to perform his/her duties quite efficiently in order to make sure that they want to achieve the target goals. The duties should be properly allocated especially to those who are looking after the eBusiness side of the Samsung Medical Center. Dr. Smart S The future: A cell phone application developed by SMC named "Dr. Smart S," is conveyed in the clinical environment of the medical center. SMC has stepped in the future by introducing a whole new dimension in medical world through Dr. Smart S. Dr. Smart S was introduced by SMC in August, 2003. Around then, it was uncommon for a medical center to present "Zone service" through cell phones as a feature of FMC (Fixed mobile Coverage). The first application was developed to run on Palm OS (an old operating system), the then mobile operating system as adopted by Samsung. "SCH-M3300." Since then the application has been modified and updated 3 times. The first update was a change of platform from Palm OS to windows operating system. The latest update has been made by restructuring the application for Android smartphones. Samsung medical center (SMC) named the application as Dr. Smart S. The application contains all the information such as data of inpatient, outpatient, a patient at operation room and pa tient at the emergency room, patients list waiting to admit and consultation notes. This is all the information Doctors want to know and for which they have to visit each room and each operation center. The three major components of Dr. Smart S are Terminal Network infrastructure Server group A terminal is a sort of smart phone which can run the downloaded applications on OS. SMC (Samsung Medical Center) has used Samsung Galaxy S as terminal that loads Dr. Smart S to run on Google Android. (Salehi et al. 2012) The application was developed using Eclipse IDE. SMC is taking advantage from both wireless and wired systems as network framework. The end point connected cordlessly by the terminal is Aruba Access Point (AP-70, IEEE 802.11 a/b/g). The wired is made out of backbone switch (10 Gb/s) at computer room, distribution switch (1 Gb/s) from the computer room to each floor, and workgroup switch (100 Mb/s) at each floor. The major component of a server group is a mobile server which recovers information from the legacy (Barati et al. 2016) framework and gives them to the terminal. The legacy system stores all the result of transactions using SIMS by responding mobile server's request. OS and database management system (DBMS) on the mobile server are Windows Server 2003 and M ySQL 5 respectively. The development tool used for mobile server software module was NetBeans 6.0. The legacy system uses HP (Hewlett-Packard) integrity Superdome as hardware, HP-Unix 11.23 as Operating system, middleware is TMAX 4.0 and for Database management system it is Oracle 10g respectively. Usability of dr. Smart s: To use Dr. Smart S. on a smartphone, the app has to be downloaded from Play Store. After downloading the app, you have to register yourself with authentic information. The encrypted user ID and Password are then transferred to the mobile server using wireless connectivity. The user will be connected to the mobile server even if the user doesnt know network preferences. The authentication process consists of two levels using MAC address of terminals as compared with information provided by the legacy system with users ID and password check. The two level authentication processes are specially designed for confidentiality of patients data even if the phone is lost. A further added feature is the limited access to the users according to their designation. According to the SMC (Samsung medical Center) policy, the user will automatically be disconnected from the server if the system detects no user activity for some time. SMC (Samsung Medical Center) has installed cordless network AP at e ach floor, cafeteria, lobby and other places which doctors usually visit. Balancing online and offline promotion: In the past few years, Internet marketing has emerged drastically. Organizations are now able to communicate with more people, monitor their competitors, and get feedback from clients. Both online and offline marketing have advantages and disadvantages. As a business owner, it is necessary to figure out how to balance both online and offline promotion methods. For an organization, its difficult to manage both online and offline promotion methods. Both the methods should be connected directly in order to maximize productivity. It is necessary to combine your online and offline promotion strategies. SMC is concentrating on building a solid online presence. It has developed an efficient network of contacts. SMC uses both online and offline marketing strategies so when one fails the other can compensate the loopholes. SMC is making sure that every penny spent is advertisement counts. SMC is also taking full benefit of TV commercials to bring individuals to their website. SMC is using offline techniques to promote online promotion methods and online techniques to promote offline promotions. The site URL is available on every brochure and awareness paper published by SMC. Business Strategy In spite of the experience, it is conceivable to convert procedures and strategies into individual activities, for an effective business performance. But it is not easy to achieve. Many organizations over and again neglect to motivate its employees and clients to work with enthusiasm, all together, for the prosperity of the organization. (Habibi et al. 2015) Most organizations and associations know their business, and the techniques required for the achievement. The essential elements to draw a strategy are: Motivational leadership: Solely focuses on achieving sustained performance through value-based leadership, personal growth, and planning by efficiently recognizing human dynamics. People look towards their leader for guidance. Leadership is the core element in transforming strategy into results. Effective leadership always makes a difference in determining the path of an organization. The productivity of a company is dependent on the internal infrastructure which includes every aspect like ethical and moral behavior, working standards and environment. Strategy into Action: Strategy in action planning is a staged methodology highlighting the performance, connecting strategic measures to the departmental, project and singular action. (Forro et al. 2015) The main objective is to empower the organization to adequately decipher strategies through to results carried under a clear and effective process. Including the right individuals is fundamental to make right choices on priorities, and making action plans that are aligned and clear. Performance Management: Performance management is the development of hierarchical procedures and abilities important to accomplish results through individuals delivering adequate results. To draw an efficient strategy in papers is quite ravishing but implementing those strategies in real time is often hectic. (Malmstrom et al. 2013) Most of the organizations have excellent strategies but poor implementation. Performance Management is a key component in getting the entire association adjusted and assembled to achieve goals and work cooperatively together to deliver expected results. The increase in performance management is empowered utilizing IT system. Legal And Ethical Issues Health care is an unpredictable domain where the health experts work with numerous regulations, laws and standards of practice. Doctors have to make difficult choices keeping both ethical and moral aspects in mind. Numerous moral situations emerge when a choice must be made to kill life-support machines and permit death to occur to a patient. Other common moral and ethical issues, a health care expert may face, are privacy, matters related to consent of the patient and relationships with patients, particularly while treating the minors. (Chaffey et al. 2012) Confidentiality Confidentiality is both, a lawful and a moral issue. Keeping data around a patient confidential is a way of showing regard for the self-respect of patients, while disclosing patient's data can affect the patient. There are specific laws related to the the release of patient's data under the HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). The laws characterize precisely what data can be discharged and to whom under what circumstances. As the Insurance policy might not be allowed to view patients data while a person that have direct impact of patients health might be allowed to have direct access of data. If there's some risk to a third party involved, a moral and ethical medical professional might have to break the confidentiality to prevent any harm. Relationships: Relationship with any patient, especially sexual connection, are categorized illegal by both the medical and nursing code of morals. (Simmons Conlon 2013) Such activities are viewed as unhealthy and misconduct that might bring about suspension from the institution and lose the license to practice medicine. A sexual relationship with any under treatment patient thought to be a misuse of force with respect to the doctor or medical attendant, as patients are reliant and helpless. (Foerster 2015) A sexual association with a patient can be exceptionally unsafe, and a moral specialist will stay away from the patient even in the presence of sexual enthusiasm for a patient. Malpractice: Many health care professionals face the risk of being suspended for malpractice. A claim might be damage from a damage identified with surgery, defective equipment or use of inadequate medical products. (Schilsky 2013) The danger of lawsuit is the end goal that numerous social insurance experts practice defensive medicine such as requesting a test or performing a procedure to guarantee that the patient can't allege carelessness. Consent An informed consent must be provided by the patient for treatment to be lawful. Any operation performed by doctors without legitimate consent is categorized as assault. When treating an adolescent, the medical proficient faces a clash of morals and ethics under specific circumstances. (Eid El-Gohary 2013) The expert may trust that guardians ought to be kept informed of their child's health issue. Conclusion: Strategy Evaluation is as significant as the formulation of strategy since it defines the proficiency and adequacy of the comprehensive plans to achieve the expected outputs. The authorities can also survey suitability of the current procedure in dynamic world with political, financial and technological advancements. Strategic evaluation is the last step of strategic administration. (Michael 2014) The importance of strategic assessment is its ability to coordinate the tasks done by managers, departments, groups etc. through control of execution. Strategic evaluation is noteworthy on while considering numerous elements, such as creating contributions for a new strategic planning, an urge to review, appraisal and reward, judging the legitimacy of the strategic decision and so forth. It is a direction in which the strategy makers set the goals and numerous ways to accomplishing them. It deals with making decisions about the future bearing of an association and implementing them. It helps us in determining the path of an organization on which direction it is moving. Without any prior set of instructions to implement the strategy, a company cannot survive. Moreover, strategy evaluation is far better for running an error free operation. In fact, it is much better if the set of instructions are initially formulated. However, the strategy should be in accordance with the evaluation me thod. This is how we strategy evaluation is performed. One way or the other, such planning always helps the company to improve its operations. Importance of strategic management: Strategic management is a continuous process of assessing and controlling the business and the industries of an organization. It assesses its competitors and sets different objectives and strategies to meet all the current and potential contenders, and then reevaluate strategies to decide how it has been implemented in the system and whether it was effective and efficient or does it needs any sort of substitution. Strategic Management gives a detailed viewpoint to the workers of an organization and allow them to judge so they can better access how their job fits into the whole hierarchical organization and how it is co-identified with other authoritative individuals. (Cascino et al. 2014) Strategic management is the art of overseeing workers such that it increases the overall capacity of achieving business targets. The workers can comprehend the response of ecological changes on the association. One of the significant parts of the strategic management is to incorporate numerous functional areas of the organization and to guarantee the practical regions blending together. Another part of strategic management is to watch out for the objectives and goals of the organization. In the modern world, for the survival of an organization, it is necessary to plan the future of the organization than working on today. (Hamdan 2012) Companies like Nokia, Kodak etc. were busy in serving their clients that they forgot to formulate their future. Samsung is making sure of not becoming one of them. The sustainability Samsung Medical center (SMC) is best example to see how successfully Samsung has implemented the management strategies and set their future goals. Strategic management is an independent department where the strategies have to be formulated keeping in view the limitations of the company. In some scenarios, the management needs to be very careful about the legal and ethical obligations. In short, the strategic management is responsible to make the operations successful and it plays a very important role for the development and growth of a company. If the strategy evaluation process is properly defined then, it is easier to achieve the desired goals and objectives. In fact, the company finds the right direction and starts making progress rapidly. The importance of strategic evaluation can be assessed by looking at the infrastructure of the company. Strategies need to be formulated in a very timely manner with respect to all the legal and ethical values. Therefore, the significance of the strategic evaluation process can be explained and defined as one of the major pillars of the company. The case study above explained how scenarios vary and how they can be handled with an effective strategic evaluation process. The success and failure of a strategy is determined by the process of strategic evaluation. References Barati, M., Navid, B.J., Ghanbari, M. and Kheirollahi, F., 2016. A Review of Financial Strategies Impact on the Financial Performance In Iranian Banks.International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ ISSN 2356-5926,1(1), pp.1789-1806. Cascino, S., Clatworthy, M., Garca Osma, B., Gassen, J., Imam, S. and Jeanjean, T., 2014. Who uses financial reports and for what purpose? Evidence from capital providers.Accounting in Europe,11(2), pp.185-209. Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2013. The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Foerster, A.T., 2015. Financial crises, unconventional monetary policy exit strategies, and agentsÃâ€" ³ expectations.Journal of Monetary Economics,76, pp.191-207. Forr, Z., Woodard, R. and Sornette, D., 2015. Using trading strategies to detect phase transitions in financial markets.Physical Review E,91(4), p.042803. Habibi, F., Hamilton, C.A., Valos, M.J. and Callaghan, M., 2015. E-marketing orientation and social media implementation in B2B marketing.European Business Review,27(6), pp.638-655. Hamdan, A.M.M., 2012. Factors affecting accounting conservatism when preparing corporate financial reports: Evidence from Jordan.Jordan Journal of Business Administration,8(1). James, L. and Mathew, L., 2012. Employee retention strategies: IT industry.SCMS Journal of Indian Management,9(3), p.79. Malmstrm, M., Wincent, J. and Johansson, J., 2013. Managing competence acquisition and financial performance: An empirical study of how small firms use competence acquisition strategies.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,30(4), pp.327-349. Michael, R., 2014. Acceptance of E-marketing Strategies in Developing Countries-A Case study of Tanzania SMEs. InThe International Conference on Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Education Technologies (CSCEET2014)(pp. 122-128). The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communication. Salehi, M., Mirzaei, H., Aghaei, M. and Abyari, M., 2012. Dissimilarity of E-marketing VS traditional marketing.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,2(1), p.510. Schilsky, R.L., 2013. Strategies to overcome clinical, regulatory, and financial challenges in the implementation of personalized medicine. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Simmons, L.L. and Conlon, S.J., 2013. Extraction of financial information from online business reports.ACM SIGMIS Database,44(3), pp.34-48.

The Hippos - Heads Are Gonna Roll free essay sample

As I listen to the first track on The Hippos sophomorealbum, Heads Are Gonna Roll, the sounds of an upbeat pop ska riffwith blaring horns shoot to my ear. My head nods along as the song progresses tothe chorus and beyond. All of a sudden, the sounds of a keyboard synthesizer findtheir way out of the speaker, giving the song an entirely different feel. Notonly am I listening to an excellent band, but one that is original in its sound.Im hooked. Recently signed to Interscope Records, this five-piece bandgives the word catchy a new meaning. Lyrics about puppy love,heartbreak and the need to change paired with upbeat music make every song one ofthose that gets stuck in your head. The synthesizer is a nice surprise, givingthe whole album a retro-?s feel. As a matter of fact, they do a remake of the?s song Always Something There To Remind Me by Naked Eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hippos Heads Are Gonna Roll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Irecommend this band to anyone interested in ska or unique sounds. Heads AreGonna Roll is an awesome album, packed full of fun tunes that will make youwant to head for the record store.

Concussion Paper Essay Example

Concussion Paper Essay Example Concussion Paper Essay Concussion Paper Essay The brain is a very delicate and complex organ It is located inside the head and controls everything we do from movement our five senses emotions thoughts memory breathing our heartbeat digesting food and our speech The brain is made of a gelatin like substance and is protected by cerebrations fluid and the skull So imagine what would happen to our brain if it would get damaged Anything that our brain controls could be altered either temporarily or permanently Brain injury kills more individuals under the age of twenty than any other cause combined Brain injury caused by head trauma is the greatest killer under the age of fort five and the greatest cause of disability in people under froufrou . Ithaca College) This head trauma is called a Concussion When a person suffers a concussion the brain suddenly shifts or shakes inside the skull and can hit against the skulls bony surface A hard hit to the body can result in an accelerationdeceleration injury when the brain brushes against pro truding pa arts of the inner skull There are also other forces that can cause a rotational injury where the brain twists , potentially shearing of the brains nerve fibers In either case neural pathways in the brain can come damaged and cause neurological disturbances On impact the brain bumps into the interior of the skull where it is hit as well as on the opposite side resulting in damaging bruises at two different sites in the brain called coup and the contractor . Concussions involve more than just the primary injuries . They have secondary injuries that appear several hours or days after the trauma . These injuries quite often cause significant longer effects, include brain damage cognitive defects psychosocial/behavioral/emotional changes and bodily damage It is currently unknown what exactly happens to the brain cells but t appears that there is a change in the chemical function . This puts the cells in a very vulnerable State Notes the actual structure of the brain tissue but how the brain is working . During this time period the brain is not functioning normally and is more susceptible to a second he d injury Concussions are a result of a collision with another object This collision can be either direct or an indirect hit to the head or body Sometimes a blow to the head can lead to bleeding in or around the brain causing prolonged drowsiness and confusion that can develop right away or take a few days to appear Bleeding can be very fatal and will require monitoring in the hours afterward and emergency care if symptoms worsen There are many risk factors that can lead to a concussion . Contact sports like football hockey soccer rugby and boxing Volleyball baseball tennis and softball all include the opportunity for a ball to hit an athlete in the head which can result in a head In the United States there are approximately three hundred thousand concussions suffered by at helmets a year and thirteen percent of them happen in practice . (Ithaca College, Concussion Facts) Why are sport s the leading cause of concussions? Well to help put this into perspective a bit; the NFG has claimed that the average player will receive an estimated nine hundred to fit en hundred blows to the head per season A tackle from a stationary player is twenty miles per hour . The impact speed of a hit from a professional boxer is twentieth miles per hour . A header in soccer is approximately seventy miles per hour (Concussion F-acts) Others that may be more prone to the risk may include vehicle collisions pedestrian or bicycle accidents soldiers involved in combat victims of physical abuse and those who have had a previous concussion . It is also very Common for young children or older adults to become concussed after a bad fall . Nearly half a million emergency room visits are children ages zero to fourteen with traumatic brain injuries Symptoms can vary from person to person. They can be subtle and not mime dilated apparent or they can show right away No two concussions are the same so signs and symptoms can be a little different Symptoms can last for days weeks or even longer More immediate symptoms involve headache or a feeling of pressure in the head temporary loss Of consciousness confusion or feeling as if youre in a fog amnesia surrounding the event dizziness or seeing stars or black spots ringing in the ears nausea vomiting slurred speech delayed response to questions appearing dazed and fatigue Symptoms that are most likely to be delayed are concentration and memory complaints irritability and other personality changes sensitivity to light and noise sleep disturbances psychological adjustment problems and depression and disorders of taste and smell Sometimes it can be hard to determine if a young child has a concussion or n to . Some of the common concussed children symptoms are similar to the symptoms of tee thing . If there is ever any doubt monitor them closely and take them to a doctor Children may experience Listlessness and tiring easily irritability and crankiness dazed appearance, loss of balance and unsteady walking excessive crying, change in eating and/or sleeping patterns and a lack of interest in their favorite toys Seeking emergency care as soon as severe symptoms occur can be the differed once between prolonged symptoms and permanent brain injury If the individual is experiencing repeated a loss of consciousness lasting longer than thirty seconds , a headache that gets worse over time major changes in behavior hanged in physical coordination such as stumbling or clumsiness confusion or disorientation with recognizing people or places , slurred speech or other changes in the speaking patter seizures vision or eye disturbances like dilated pupils or unequal size lasting or recurring dizziness obvious difficulty with mental function or physical coordination symptoms that worsen over t ime and any large head bumps or bruises in areas other than on the forehead which is especially important in infants under towel eve months . It is extremely important for parents coaches and athletic trainers to keep an eye on their athletes Approximately sixty percent of teens who suffered a concussion did not fee el that it was serious enough to tell an adult It is assumed that if you are knocked unconscious your concussion is worse than if you are not Only ten percent Of all concussions involve a loss Of (11 facts) In fact some athletes have been knocked unconscious and didnt have any lasting problems My sister was playing basketball at the gym She went for a lay-up but got her legs took from under her and landed on her head . The guys that were with her said she was knocked unconscious She missed the last three months of school due to headaches but since then as not had any problems There are about seven major complications that can occur with a head injury . The first is Epilepsy people who have had a concussion double their risk Of developing epilepsy w tit the first five years after the injury The second is the cumulative effects of multiple brain injuries . Individuals who have had multiple concussive brain injuries over the course o f their lives may acquire lasting even progressive impairment that limits their ability to function Thirdly some people begin having postcolonial syndrome which involves headaches , dizziness and thinking faculties a few days after a concussion The symptoms can continue for weeks or even months after the concussion The fourth complication would be postgraduates headaches . Some people experience headaches within a week to a few months after their injury . Individuals can also experience postgraduates vertigo up to months after a concussion which is a s ensue of dizziness or spinning Number six on the list is the second impact syndrome . Some people may experience a second concussion before signs and symptoms of a first concussion have re solved . This can result in rapid and usually fatal brain swelling Often times with brain swelling the individual will feel a sense of pressure in their head and even some cerebrations fluid I sneaking out of their ears and/or nose And lastly on the list of major complications would be the levels of the brain chemicals They are usually altered after a concussion and it can take about a week for t hem to stabilize again Going to see a licensed health professional about a concussion is usually a go odd idea not matter how serious the brain injury is The doctor will perform a series of simple tests . First they will do a neurological examination This will involve testing vision hearing strength and sensation balance coordination and then reflexes A cognitive exam will be next and test the ability to recall information concentration and memory After these two exams are done the doctor may ask for imaging tests A cranial computerized tomography (CT) scan uses a series of grays to read the jurisdictional images of your skull and brain .

Organisational Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisational Change - Case Study Example Since its inception in 2003, the company found itself as relatively young in the industry. However it emerged as a market leader in the industry going over 225 destinations with 6 cruises. The company has taken the necessary strategies to ensure that it responds to the external changes in the industry. It is one of the leading players currently in the cruise industry and has been able to create a competitive edge in the industry which many operators have not been able to create although they have been in the industry for along time now. The company is serving more than 2050 passengers going for journeys of more than 100 nights in the sea. The company has already expressed its interest in Asia and European markets.Like other companies P & O Cruise was challenged by the changes that were taking place in the external environment. Let us look at some of the changes that led to implementation of the current changes in the operation of the company that affected the tourism industry. One of the security threats that have affected the industry has been the issue of terrorism. The attacks by IRL in Britain’s transport industry have been one of the threats that the industry has been facing. Many people have feared that the attacks would be diverted from railway travelling system to the cruise industry. But the September 11 attack in the US affected the industry in a way that all people feared travelling. The subsequent attack of the British Railway system on July 7th was like a final blow to the industry. There were record low booking in the cruise industry. Social changes The cruise industry has been led by the social changes taking place in the market. Changes in customer's preference have been instrument in instating social changes that have affected the operations of the cruise industry. Since 1997, it has been observed that there has been more preference to group and family travelling in the cruise industry. Technological changes Cruise industry has been forced to respond to technological changes that directly or indirectly affects the industry. Since 1997, technology has reduced face to face business transaction especially in making the bookings. Many people also take their holidays and at the same time continue with their business. Environmental changes There have been changes in the marine pollution laws that have made the industry to put in place new strategies in order to manage these changes and operate within the new marine pollution laws. Several laws have been put in place by International Maritime Organization which has affected the industry. Political and government policies New legislation concerning the maintenance of ports and the subsequent new changers that have been put in place has been a challenge to the industry. Acts like Crimes at Sea Act 2000 and others like Admiralty Act has continued to be a challenge for the industry. (Jolene 2000, p. 4)) Political stability has been a big challenge for the

Touched by a Vampire Named Angel by Lynn Schofield - The Appropriatene Personal Statement

Touched by a Vampire Named Angel by Lynn Schofield - The Appropriateness of the Science Fiction Genre to the Target Audience - Personal Statement Example The above-named program targets the teenagers and young adults rather than the blanket population. Historically, the westerns type of movies could only appeal to the older generation of the audience because they were the only group that had an idea about the culture that was depicted in the films. However, the science fiction likes the one under this discussion appeals to the teenagers and the young adult group because this group is highly liberal. The use of vampires in films has especially every now and then been criticized by the older generations specifically due to the strong connection that the older generation attaches between vampires and the end times as prescribed by most religions (Clark 3). The older generations often tend to be very religious and are also guided by various religious principles in their daily lives. The teenage and young adult group is however different. First of all, this group is liberal. Majority of teenagers and young adults hold liberal religious beliefs and therefore do not find science fiction films to conflict with their religious beliefs. Secondly, even among the very religious persons among the target group, they treat science fiction as just entertainment. This is important because they can, therefore, watch films with strong religious connotations without being offended or questioning the motives of the producers because they take films as meant for entertainment purposes. Hence, this ta rget group can watch films that have vampires as the heroes without taking it as being an abomination. Looking at the second question posed in the introduction regarding the significance of the vampire named â€Å"Angel†, one has to keenly follow the actions, the thoughts and words of the character. Although being a vampire, Angel is not wicked and his actions, thoughts and words are consistent with a being that is caring especially to the human beings who easily may be harmed by the vampire population.  Ã‚  

Problem statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem statement - Essay Example This problem will guide the research study in understanding the situation of the students, especially with regards to the different semesters of their Bachelor’s degree. In addition, the organization of the research study will have to incorporate the students’ input and requires their cooperation, especially in order to match the different semesters in their degree course to different degrees of motivation. These problems, therefore, requires that the study investigates a group of students over different semesters in their school years. The research question for this study will be; what is the degree of motivation for nursing students across different semesters of their Bachelor’s degree course? Twenty students will be chosen at random from each year of the nursing course, which will make sixty students, and they will be studies across the three semesters of their school year. The research methodology will be a quantitative one with data collected using questionnaires that have a scale of 0 to 10, which will range from not motivated at all to highly motivated, respectively. The data will then be stored in a computer-based database for further Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, or SPSS, analysis. The independent variable for this study will be the degree of motivation that the students, while the dependent variable will be the different semesters that the students attend during the course of their school year. For this study, the non-directional hypothesis will be that there is a significant difference in the motivation of nursing students during different semesters of their degree course. The directional hypothesis will be that motivation of nursing students score more highly during the first semester and during the last semester. The reason these hypotheses were reached is that, it is expected that motivation of nursing

Enterprise Collaboration Tool Analysis

Enterprise Collaboration Tool Analysis Abstract: Enterprise Collaboration Tool is rethinking how technology can help companies manage customer relationships. ECT, the market leading CRM application, delivers a feature-rich set of business processes that enhance marketing effectiveness, drive sales performance, improve customer satisfaction and provide executive insight into business performance. Supported by deep collaboration and administration capabilities that adapt to how your company operates, ECT is delighting customers of all sizes across a broad range of industries. Enterprise Collaboration Tool is a powerful modular Internet/Intranet application framework. It features a scheduler, Meetings, Messaging, address book, file upload and download and feedback. Everything is designed to collaborate online. Objective Effective planning and scheduling of time bound work and monitoring the work done by the employees and effective use of online system to communicate and collaborate with the members of other centers of a decentralized organization. Scope System with adaptability to any organization to monitor the work done by people with respect to time and also assigning work. Features Captures daily work done by employees Provides communication module. Summary reports on work done by employees. Attendance report based on the entered work details. Online work log entry and work assignment. Address book to store the contact numbers and personal info Scheduler to keep mark notes on a particular day. Feedback, which ensures the management to look up the comments by the employee. Uploading and downloading facility Information about all the existing branches of the organization. The newsletters regarding the day-to-day affairs of the organization. The proposed Enterprise Collaboration Tool consists of a login screen from which the users and administrator could logon in to the system. In this System, the users are given different roles. Each role is associated with some services. The various roles are administrator employee, programmers etc. Admin is the head of all branches and is responsible for user management and branch administration. The Enterprise Collaboration Tool process starts with the creation of users and mapping their roles from the administrator login. The system will maintain the check-in time and checkout time daily and will allow the users to enter their worklog daily and has a provision to enter the yesterdays worklog details also (exemption given to enter backlogs of previous day). Company Profile: Verza Soft is quickly emerging as an innovative and essential business software applications development resource. Since 1985, Verza Soft has provided custom design, implementation and support solutions to a variety of information management industries and business environments. Experienced and intuitive, the professionals at Verza Soft understand how fast technologies change and we remain committed to solving the unique information management application challenges of todays business world while developing and evolving strategies for tomorrows. With over twenty combined years of professional software development experience, the principals at Verza Soft are business applications authorities. As specialists, weve learned to anticipate individual client application needs and design software suites to complement virtually every hardware technology. We offer 24-hour customer service and employ a qualified team of trainers, technicians and creative designers who assist in developing the comprehensive, user-friendly software programs that distinguish Verza Soft as the perfect answer to the often puzzling questions inherent in contemporary information management technologies. Weve been working on an offshore development model from day 1 and have perfected the process of onsite-offshore interaction over the past seven years. Our services are highly cost effective enabling our clients to get the best value for their money Working primarily within Sun family of productsto combine expert use of hardware technology and state-of-the-art software, Verza Soft is ware its at! From software programming and applications development including custom Internet integration to system architecture and technical design, through continuous support solutions, Verza Soft pieces together todays information management puzzle to create optimal, full integrated, interactive packages that best meet global business demands. Working one-on-one, we can develop innovative applications that not only satisfy your specific business requirements, but also complement your companys investment in essential information management technologies. Were dedicated to making you look good custom design ware by Verza Soft its the solution that fits! Verza Soft understands the significance of a good quality assurance (QA) process for creating world-class products. With hundreds of person-years of experience in the field of testing, it has expertise in the development and execution of tests for applications in the client/server, internet/web and the mobile space, using both automated and manual methodologies. Functional testing verifies whether a product/application performs as per specifications System Analysis: Existing System Here the existing system is nothing but a manual system using which the administrator task from the main branch becomes more complex to prepare schedules for all the employees working in different branches and sent them manually and tracking their status. Generating the different reports by co-relating different things is a tedious process. In this system the sub center individually manually maintains their database regarding employees daily work log, scheduled work, progress of work, attendance, leaves, payments etc.. and sends reports to the main centre through email attachments or by post. Unless and until the main centre manager receives reports from sub centers, he is unable to take decisions regarding employees and their salary, promotions, meetings, daily schedules, scheduled projects, customer details etc. Drawbacks: Doesnt provide effective co-ordination between different branches Doesnt provide role based security for the data Generating different kinds of reports becomes more complex Doesnt provide effective communication for our employees with in the company Doesnt allow the administrator to monitor overall activities of the company. These drawbacks of the existing system leads to the present web based application called Enterprise Collaboration Tool. There by the management is now relieved from all tensions from which they faced previously. Proposed System The proposed system is a software solution for the existing system. It is a powerful modular Internet/Intranet application framework which provides good co-ordination between our branches and allows the administrator to effectively track activities of the company. It features a scheduler, Worklog, Meetings, Messaging, address book, file upload and download and feedback. Everything is designed to collaborate online. Advantages: Provides effective co-ordination between different branches regarding work schedules through scheduler and worklog facilities. Improves the quality in planning and managing works Generating different reports will be very easy Provides a facility for the administrator to track overall activities of the company Provides good communication channel for the employees to interact with in the company Provides upload and download facilities to share the documents Provides a facility to collect the feedback from the employees Provides a facility for the employees to maintain the contacts in their address book. Feasibility Steady Feasibility steady is an important phase in the software development process. It enables the developer to have an assessment of the product being developed. It refers to the feasibility study of the product in terms of out comes of the product, operational use and technical support required for implementing it. Feasibility study should be performed on the basis of various criteria and parameters. The various feasibility studies are: Economic Feasibility Operational Feasibility Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility: It refers to the benefits or outcomes we are deriving from the product as compared to the total cost we are spending for developing the product. If the benefits are more or less the same as the older system, then it is not feasible to develop the product. In this product if we have developed this application then the amount of time spent in preparing the schedules, sending it different branches and monitor the work will be reduced which indirectly increases the production for the company. Operational Feasibility: It refers to the feasibility of the product to be operational. Some products may work very well at design and implementation but may fail in the real time environment. It includes the study of additional human resource required and their technical expertise. This application will also work in any environment with out any problems since we are implementing this project in java language. Technical Feasibility: It refers to whether the software that is available in the market fully supports the present application. It studies the pros and cons of using a particular software for the development and its feasibility. It also studies the additional training needed to be given to the people to make the application work. For this project we need not recruit any additional staff to make use of this application. If we train our staff for one hour then it will be enough to work with application. Since this application uses the softwares which are already used by the company so that the company need not purchase new software to run this project. Software and Hardware Requirements: HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Pentium IV processes architecture 1. 512 MB RAM. 2. 160 GB Hard Disk Space. 3. Ethernet card. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Database : Oracle 10g XE Web Server : Apache Tomcat 5.0 Front end : JSP / Servlets, J2SDK 1.5, HTML, Java Script Functional Requirements Non Functional Requirements: Functional Requirements The main purpose of functional requirements within the requirement specification document is to define all the activities or operations that take place in the system. These are derived through interactions with the users of the system. Since the Requirements Specification is a comprehensive document contains a lot of data, it has been broken down into different Chapters in this report. But the general Functional Requirements arrived at the end of the interaction with the Users are listed below. A more detailed discussion is presented in the Chapters, which talk about the Analysis Design of the system. The system holds the details of the employees and their braches. It holds the schedules of different employees of the company. It holds the details of all works done by the employees. The system allows the administrator to manage different users. It also allows the administrator to prepare the schedules and assigns them to different employees. It allows the administrator to post the meeting details which will be displayed for all the employees. It allows the employees to store the customer contacts in their address book. It allows the administrator and employees to share the documents using upload and download facilities. It allows the employees to post their feedback It allows the administrator to view customer feedbacks. It allows the administrator to broadcast the news information It allows the employees to send a message to other employees or a group of employees at once. It allows the administrator to view work pending report NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: The non-functional requirements consist of Constraints. Guidelines. Constraints These are the requirements that are not directly related to the functionality of the system. These should be considered as mandatory when the system is developed. The following Constraints were arrived at for the system: The system should be available over the intranet so that the Users like the administrator employees can use the system from their respective locations which could be with in the company. For gaining entry into the system the employees should be registered by the administrator and should be able use login passwords for gaining access to the system. The users should be able to change their passwords for increased security. The system should be easy to understand and organized in a structured way. The users should also receive appropriate messages about any errors that occur. There should be no limitation about the hardware platform that is to be used to run the system. Data integrity should be maintained if an error occurs or the whole system comes down. Guidelines We have discussed mandatory requirements in the previous section. The requirements in this section should be taken as suggestions they should be thought of as recommendations to further enhance the usability of the system. The system should display a menu for users to choose from. The system should display users requests in a reasonable time. Services of the system should be available 24 hours a day. The system should be designed in such a way that it is easy to enhance it with more functionality. It should be scalable easily maintainable. Execution Methodology Methodology The different phases of the implementation of the project here is Phase 1 Business Process Requirements analysis Phase 2 System Requirements Specifications Phase 3 Design and Development Phase 4 Testing Debugging Phase 5 Implementation Phase 1 Business Process Requirements analysis Business Process Requirements analysis is the phase when the relevant business area is studied in detail. This process brings out the gaps between the existing systems and identifies the areas where the business operations should be modified, keeping in view the way it needs to be carried out to encounter the problems during this phase the required documents are prepared defining the existing and required setup for the project Phase 2 System Requirements Specifications The information about the requirements is collected which contains the information about the current user system and the proposed system as seen from the user perspective. At the end of this phase a detailed requirement specification document is prepared and approved. Phase 3 Design and Development In this phase the framework for the design of the proposed product is designed to meet the requirements specifications documented. The product is developed as per the framework to meet the objectives of the system requirement specifications approved. Phase 4 Testing Debugging This phase contains the preparation of test cases and the standards of testing. The end users using the dummy User Ids carry out the testing. Phase 5 Implementation The project enters the implementation phase when the product is ready to be implemented/piloted on the production environment and after thorough training to all the end users the product is implemented Project Estimates The estimated time lines for completing the implementation of the application identified and its approach is enumerated as below Phase Duration in weeks 1 Business Process Req.Analysis 2 System Requirements Specifications 3 Design and Development 4 Testing Debugging 5 Implementation Dubious use of the System If the user is deliberately going to handle the system improperly, like he can enter incorrect time/out or he may submit wrong worklog or feedback. The System is to be further developed to countercheck the employees entries with that of the local authorities. System Design: Logical Design Design for WebApps encompasses technical and non-technical activities. The look and feel of content is developed as part of graphic design; the aesthetic layout of the user interface is created as part of interface design; and the technical structure of the WebApp is modeled as part of architectural and navigational design. Dix argues that a Web engineer must design an interface so that it answers three primary questions for the end-user; Where am I? The interface should (1) provide an indication of the WebApp has been accessed and (2) inform the user of her location in the content. What can I do now? The interface should always help the user understand his current options- what functions are available, what links are live, what content is relevant. Where have I been; where am I going? The interface must facilitate navigation. Hence it must provide a â€Å"map† of where the user has been and what paths may be taken to move else where in the WebApp. Design goals- the following are the design goals that are applicable to virtually every WebApp regardless of application domain, size, or complexity. Simplicity Consistency Identity Visual appeal Compatibility. Design leads to a model that contains the appropriate mix of aesthetics, content, and technology. The mix will vary depending upon the nature of the WebApp, and as a consequence the design activities that are emphasized will also vary. The activities of the Design process; 1. Interface design-describes the structure and organization of the user interface. Includes a representation of screen layout, a definition of the modes of interaction, and a description of navigation mechanisms. Interface Control mechanisms- to implement navigation options, the designer selects form one of a number of interaction mechanism; a. Navigation menus b. Graphic icons c. Graphic images Interface Design work flow- the work flow begins with the identification of user, task, and environmental requirements. Once user tasks have been identified, user scenarios are created and analyzed to define a set of interface objects and actions. 2. Aesthetic design-also called graphic design, describes the â€Å"look and feel† of the WebApp. Includes color schemes, geometric layout. Text size, font and placement, the use of graphics, and related aesthetic decisions. 3. Content design-defines the layout, structure, and outline for all content that is presented as part of the WebApp. Establishes the relationships between content objects. 4. Navigation design-represents the navigational flow between contents objects and for all WebApp functions. 5. Architecture design-identifies the overall hypermedia structure for the WebApp. Architecture design is tied to the goals establish for a WebApp, the content to be presented, the users who will visit, and the navigation philosophy that has been established. a. Content architecture, focuses on the manner in which content objects and structured for presentation and navigation. b. WebApp architecture, addresses the manner in which the application is structure to manage user interaction, handle internal processing tasks, effect navigation, and present content. WebApp architecture is defined within the context of the development environment in which the application is to be implemented. J2EE uses MVC architecture; 6. Component design-develops the detailed processing logic required to implement functional components. Modules: Scheduler Work Log Module: User Management Branch Management Module: Communication Module (Messages, Meetings, Notices Module News): Address Book Feedback Module: Reports Scheduler Work Log Module: This module helps in preparing the work schedules and monitors work simply by sitting at the main branch. It provides user friendly screens which include calendars to select the date. Once the administrator has added the work to the schedule then it will displayed to all the employees in all the branches. It will be easy for an employee now to know his work schedule, complete it and intimate it to the administrator by entering the work details in the work log so that the administrator can monitor easily. User Management Branch Management Module: This module helps the administrator to add new branch details to the database, edit the existing branch details and delete the branch. It also provides a facility to the administrator to add the employee details and create the logins for the required employees, edit the user details and the delete the user information from the database. Communication Module (Messages, Meetings, Notices Module News): This module provides a facility to the employees to communicate each other very easily by sending the messaged in this application. The messages provides options to send a message to another employee, view the message list, open a message a message, delete a message and send a message to all the employees in a group at a time. This module provides a facility to the employees to know the details of the meetings which are going to be conducted just by clicking view meeting details option in meetings link. The users can also post the meetings details at any point of time. This module provides a facility to the employees to send the notices prepared by one branch to another branch then these people can upload the notice document and that will be downloaded by another branch people. It is just like sharing the documents across the branches. This module helps the administrator to post the news details which will be displayed to all the users when ever they logged in. Address Book Feedback Module: This module provides a facility to the employees to store their individual contact details in the address book. It allows us to add, edit and delete the contact details in the address book. This module helps the users to post their feedback about a policy which was implemented by company from online and allows the administrator to view the feedbacks posted by all the employees. Reports: This module allows the administrator to view different kinds of reports according to his requirement. It generates the reports based on employees, employee work report, groups reports and employee report. Physical Design UML Diagrams Data Dictionary Data Modeling Overview A data model is a conceptual representation of the data structures that are required by a database. The data structures include the data objects, the associations between data objects, and the rules which govern operations on the objects. As the name implies, the data model focuses on what data is required and how it should be organized rather than what operations will be performed on the data. To use a common analogy, the data model is equivalent to an architects building plans. A data model is independent of hardware or software constraints. Rather than try to represent the data, as a database would see it, the data model focuses on representing the data as the user sees it in the real world. It serves as a bridge between the concepts that make up real-world events and processes and the physical representation of those concepts in a database. Methodology There are two major methodologies used to create a data model: the Entity-Relationship (ER) approach and the Object Model. Data Modeling In the Context of Database Design Database design is defined as: design the logical and physical structure of one or more databases to accommodate the information needs of the users in an organization for a defined set of applications. The design process roughly follows five steps: planning and analysis conceptual design Logical design Physical design implementation The data model is one part of the conceptual design process. The other, typically is the functional model. The data model focuses on what data should be stored in the database while the functional model deals with how the data is processed. To put this in the context of the relational database, the data model is used to design the relational tables. The functional model is used to design the queries, which will access and perform operations on those tables. Components of a Data Model The data model gets its inputs from the planning and analysis stage. Here the modeler, along with analysts, collects information about the requirements of the database by reviewing existing documentation and interviewing end-users. The data model has two outputs. The first is an entity-relationship diagram which represents the data structures in a pictorial form. Because the diagram is easily learned, it is valuable tool to communicate the model to the end-user. The second component is a data document. This is a document that describes in detail the data objects, relationships, and rules required by the database. The dictionary provides the detail required by the database developer to construct the physical database. Why is Data Modeling Important? Data modeling is probably the most labor intensive and time consuming part of the development process. Why bother especially if you are pressed for time? A common response by practitioners who write on the subject is that you should no more build a database without a model than you should build a house without blueprints. The goal of the data model is to make sure that the all data objects required by the database are completely and accurately represented. Because the data model uses easily understood notations and natural language, it can be reviewed and verified as correct by the end-users. The data model is also detailed enough to be used by the database developers to use as a blueprint for building the physical database. The information contained in the data model will be used to define the relational tables, primary and foreign keys, stored procedures, and triggers. A poorly designed database will require more time in the long-term. Without careful planning you may create a database that omits data required to create critical reports, produces results that are incorrect or inconsistent, and is unable to accommodate changes in the users requirements. Summary A data model is a plan for building a database. To be effective, it must be simple enough to communicate to the end user the data structure required by the database yet detailed enough for the database design to use to create the physical structure. 1) Table Name: LOGIN_TWM NAME DATA TYPE SIZE PRIMARY USER ID VARCHAR 10 PASSWORD VARCHAR 10 FNAME VARCHAR 15 LNAME VARCHAR 10 ADDRESS VARCHAR 40 PHONE NUMBER 15 MAILID VARCHAR 25 GROUPID VARCHAR 8 CREATED_DATE_TIME DATE LASTUSED_DATE_TIME DATE BNAME VARCHAR 15 2) Table Name: LOGINOUT_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USER ID VARCHAR 10 L_DATE DATE 3) Table Name: MESSAGES_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY SENDERID VARCHAR 15 RECEIVERID VARCHAR 15 M_DATE DATE SUBJECT VARCHAR 15 MESSAGE VARCHAR 50 4) Table Name: GROUPS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY GROUPID VARCHAR 15 GROUPNAME VARCHAR 15 5) Table Name: GROUPUSERS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY GROUPID VARCHAR 15 USERID VARCHAR 15 6) Table Name: MEETINGS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY M_DATE DATE M_TIME VARCHAR 10 PURPOSE VARCHAR 20 AGENDA VARCHAR 50 CONCLUSIONS VARCHAR 50 7) Table Name: SCHEDULAR_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USERID VARCHAR 15 S_DATE VARCHAR 25 SCHEDULE VARCHAR 50 8) Table Name: ADDRESSBOOK_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY LOGINID VARCHAR 25 USERID VARCHAR 25 FNAME VARCHAR 15 LNAME VARCHAR 15 ADDRESS VARCHAR 45 PHONENO NUMBER 15 OFFICEADD VARHCAR 45 OFFICEPHONE NUMBER 15 9) Table Name: WORKLOG_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USERID VARCHAR 10 W_DATE DATE SLOTTIME VARCHAR 15 TASKS VARCHAR 45 10) Table Name: FEEDBACK_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY W_DATE DATE L_TIME VARCHAR 8 SUBJECT VARCHAR 15 COMMENTS VARCHAR 45 11) Table Name: NEWS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY M_DATE DATE NEWS VARCHAR 49 12) Table Name: NOTICEBOARD_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY UNAME VARCHAR 15 FNAME VARCHAR 15 FCONTENT BLOB POSTED_DAT DATE MSGID NUMBER 4 13) Table Name: DOWNLOAD_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY UNAME VARCHAR 15 FNAME VARCHAR 45 FCONTENT BLOB POSTED_DAT DATE MSGID NUMBER 4 14) Table Name: BRANCH_TWM NMAE DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY BRANCH_CODE VARCHAR 15 BRANCH_NAME VARCHAR 25 E-R Diagram Technological Requirements: HTML HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based